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Compare Tajikistan (2001) - El Salvador (2004)

Compare Tajikistan (2001) z El Salvador (2004)

 Tajikistan (2001)El Salvador (2004)
 TajikistanEl Salvador
Administrative divisions 2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati mukhtori); Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobod (Khujand - formerly Leninabad)

note:
the administrative center name follows in parentheses
14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, Santa Ana, San Vicente, Sonsonate, Usulutan
Age structure 0-14 years:
41.18% (male 1,367,194; female 1,341,967)

15-64 years:
54.22% (male 1,773,605; female 1,793,345)

65 years and over:
4.6% (male 131,009; female 171,561) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 36.8% (male 1,237,262; female 1,185,750)


15-64 years: 58.1% (male 1,819,035; female 2,009,032)


65 years and over: 5.1% (male 150,221; female 186,241) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; shrimp; beef, dairy products
Airports 53 (2000 est.) 73 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 4


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
51

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
36 (2000 est.)
total: 69


914 to 1,523 m: 15


under 914 m: 54 (2004 est.)
Area total:
143,100 sq km

land:
142,700 sq km

water:
400 sq km
total: 21,040 sq km


land: 20,720 sq km


water: 320 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Wisconsin slightly smaller than Massachusetts
Background Tajikistan has experienced three changes in government and a five-year civil war since it gained independence in 1991 from the USSR. A peace agreement among rival factions was signed in 1997, and implementation reportedly completed by late 1999. Part of the agreement required the legalization of opposition political parties prior to the 1999 elections, which occurred, but such parties have made little progress in successful participation in government. Random criminal and political violence in the country remains a complication impairing Tajikistan's ability to engage internationally. El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms.
Birth rate 33.23 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 27.48 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues:
$146 million

expenditures:
$196 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $2.434 billion


expenditures: $2.625 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Capital Dushanbe San Salvador
Climate midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 307 km
Constitution 6 November 1994 23 December 1983
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Tajikistan

conventional short form:
Tajikistan

local long form:
Jumhurii Tojikiston

local short form:
none

former:
Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador


conventional short form: El Salvador


local long form: Republica de El Salvador


local short form: El Salvador
Currency somoni US dollar (USD)
Death rate 8.57 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 5.93 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $1.3 billion (1999 est.) $6.575 billion (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Robert P. J. FINN

embassy:
temporarily collocated with the US Embassy in Almaty (Kazakhstan)

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
NA

FAX:
NA
chief of mission: Ambassador H. Douglas BARCLAY


embassy: Final Boulevard Santa Elena Sur, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador


mailing address: Unit 3116, APO AA 34023


telephone: [503] 278-4444


FAX: [503] 278-5522
Diplomatic representation in the US Tajikistan does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a permanent mission to the UN: address - 136 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, telephone - [1] (212) 472-7645, FAX - [1] (212) 628-0252; permanent representative to the UN is Rashid ALIMOV chief of mission: Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez


chancery: 2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 265-9671


FAX: [1] (202) 234-3834


consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, and Washington, DC
Disputes - international portions of Tajikistan's northern and western border with Uzbekistan and its eastern border with China have not been officially demarcated; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area in 1992, the ICJ ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary, and the OAS is assisting with a technical resolution of undemarcated bolsones; in 2003, the ICJ rejected El Salvador's request to revise its decision on one part of the bolsones; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca with consideration of Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not mentioned by the ICJ, off Honduras in the Gulf de Fonseca
Economic aid - recipient $64.7 million (1995) total $252 million; $57 million from US (1995)
Economy - overview Tajikistan has the lowest per capita GDP among the 15 former Soviet republics. Cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The Tajikistani economy has been gravely weakened by six years of civil conflict and by the loss of subsidies from Moscow and of markets for its products. Most of its people live in abject poverty. Tajikistan depends on aid from Russia and Uzbekistan and on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence needs. The future of Tajikistan's economy and the potential for attracting foreign investment depend upon stability and continued progress in the peace process. With the adoption of the US dollar as its currency, El Salvador has lost control over monetary policy and must concentrate on maintaining a disciplined fiscal policy. GDP per capita is roughly only half that of Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, and the distribution of income is highly unequal. The trade deficit has been offset by annual remittances of almost $2 billion from Salvadorans living abroad and external aid. The government is striving to open new export markets, encourage foreign investment, modernize the tax and healthcare systems, and stimulate the sluggish economy.
Electricity - consumption 14.729 billion kWh (1999) 3.777 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 3.9 billion kWh (1999) 44 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 4.1 billion kWh (1999) 353 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 15.623 billion kWh (1999) 3.729 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
1.9%

hydro:
98.1%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Syrdariya 300 m

highest point:
Pik Imeni Ismail Samani 7,495 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m
Environment - current issues inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6% mestizo 90%, Amerindian 1%, white 9%
Exchange rates Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 2.2 (January 2001), 1550 (January 2000), 998 (January 1999), 350 (January 1997), 284 (January 1996)

note:
the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles
the US dollar is the legal tender
Executive branch chief of state:
President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)

head of government:
Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 6 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Emomali RAHMONOV elected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 97%, Davlat USMON 2%
chief of state: President Elias Antonio SACA (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Elias Antonio SACA (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 21 March 2004 (next to be held NA March 2009)


election results: Elias Antonio SACA elected president; percent of vote - Elias Antonio SACA (ARENA) 57.7%, Schafik HANDAL (FMLN) 35.6%, Hector SILVA (CDU-PDC) 3.9%, other 2.8%
Exports $761 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity
Exports - partners Liechtenstein 26%, Uzbekistan 20%, Russia 8% (1998) US 67.8%, Guatemala 11.5%, Honduras 5.9% (2003)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band
GDP purchasing power parity - $7.3 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $30.99 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
19.8%

industry:
18.1%

services:
62.1% (1998)
agriculture: 9.4%


industry: 31.2%


services: 59.3% (2003)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,140 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $4,800 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.1% (2000 est.) 1.4% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 39 00 N, 71 00 E 13 50 N, 88 55 W
Geography - note landlocked smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea
Heliports - 1 (2003 est.)
Highways total:
29,900 km

paved:
21,400 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)

unpaved:
8,500 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
total: 10,029 km


paved: 1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways)


unpaved: 8,043 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 1.4%


highest 10%: 39.3% (2001)
Illicit drugs major transshipment zone for heroin and opiates from Afghanistan going to Russia and Western Europe; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on the rise
Imports $782 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity
Imports - partners Europe 32.3%, Uzbekistan 29%, Russia 13.6% (1998) US 50%, Guatemala 8.1%, Mexico 5.5% (2003)
Independence 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Industrial production growth rate 10% (2000 est.) 1.6% (2003 est.)
Industries aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals
Infant mortality rate 116.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 25.93 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 28.79 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 22.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 33% (2000 est.) 2.1% (2003 est.)
International organization participation AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, IOM, ITU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) NA -
Irrigated land 6,390 sq km (1993 est.) 360 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president) Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly)
Labor force 1.9 million (1996) 2.62 million (2003)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 50%, industry 20%, services 30% (1997 est.) agriculture 30%, industry 15%, services 55% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries total:
3,651 km

border countries:
Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km
total: 545 km


border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km
Land use arable land:
6%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
25%

forests and woodland:
4%

other:
65% (1993 est.)
arable land: 31.85%


permanent crops: 12.07%


other: 56.08% (2001)
Languages Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)
Legal system based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (33 seats; members are indirectly elected, 25 selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; all to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 27 February and 12 March 2000 for the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held NA 2005) and 23 March 2000 for the National Assembly (next to be held NA 2005)

election results:
Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65%, Communist Party 20%, Islamic Rebirth Party 7.5%, other 7.5%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 16 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FMLN 31, ARENA 28, PCN 15, PDC 5, CD 5
Life expectancy at birth total population:
64.18 years

male:
61.09 years

female:
67.42 years (2001 est.)
total population: 70.92 years


male: 67.31 years


female: 74.7 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
98%

male:
99%

female:
97% (1989 est.)
definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 80.2%


male: 82.8%


female: 77.7% (2003 est.)
Location Central Asia, west of China Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras
Map references Commonwealth of Independent States Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 200 nm
Merchant marine - none
Military branches Army, Air Force, Air Defense Forces, Presidential National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops) Army, Navy (FNES), Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $17 million (FY97) $157 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.8% (FY97) 1.1% (2003)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,586,700 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,571,299 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,300,252 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 995,672 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
72,056 (2001 est.)
males: 69,993 (2004 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 9 September (1991) Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Nationality noun:
Tajikistani(s)

adjective:
Tajikistani
noun: Salvadoran(s)


adjective: Salvadoran
Natural hazards NA known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes
Natural resources hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land
Net migration rate -3.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -3.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines natural gas 400 km (1992) -
Political parties and leaders Congress of People's Unity of Tajikistan [Saiffidin TURAYEV]; Democratic Party or TDP [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV, chairman]; Islamic Rebirth Party [Muhammadsharif HIMMAT-ZODA, chairman]; Lali Badakhshan Movement [Atobek AMIRBEKOV]; National Movement Party [Hakim MUHHABATOV]; Party of Justice and Development [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Rastokhez (Rebirth) Movement [Tohiri ABDUJABBOR]; Socialist Party [Sherali KENJAEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]; Adolatho "Justice" Party [Abdurahmon KARIMOV, chairman] Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER]; United Democratic Center or CDU [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general]; Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ ZEPEDA, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Elias Antonio SACA]; Social Christian Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Juan MEDRANO]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA labor organizations - Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; business organizations - National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI
Population 6,578,681 (July 2001 est.) 6,587,541 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line 80% (2000 est.) 48% (1999 est.)
Population growth rate 2.12% (2001 est.) 1.78% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors none Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco, La Libertad, La Union, Puerto El Triunfo
Radio broadcast stations AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 5 (1998) AM 61 (plus 24 repeaters), FM 30, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 1.291 million (1991) -
Railways total:
480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990)
total: 283 km


narrow gauge: 283 km 0.914-m gauge


note: length of operational route reduced from 562 km to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintenance (2003)
Religions Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5% Roman Catholic 83%


note: there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network

domestic:
cable and microwave radio relay

international:
linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat
general assessment: NA


domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system


international: country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
Telephones - main lines in use 363,000 (1997) 752,600 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,500 (1997) 1,149,800 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 0 (there are, however, repeaters that relay programs from Russia, Iran, and Turkey) (1997) 5 (1997)
Terrain Pamir and Alay mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau
Total fertility rate 4.29 children born/woman (2001 est.) 3.2 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 5.7% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (December 1998) 6.5% - but the economy has much underemployment (2003 est.)
Waterways none Rio Lempa partially navigable (2004)
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